Financial Matters Research Articles

Impact assessment of critical success factors (CSFs) in public construction projects of Saudi Arabia

PurposeThere is a limited number of research work on critical success factors (CSFs) in public construction projects in Saudi Arabia. In response to this knowledge gap, the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of CSFs on the government construction projects in Saudi Arabia. The success factors are investigated from a broader consideration of failure criteria, from consideration of most effectiveness in successful project completion and also from consideration of the impact of implementing control processes for successful project completion.Design/methodology/approachThis study has analysed the impact of success factors on construction projects in Saudi Arabia using a descriptive methodology. An exhaustive literature survey is undertaken to identify the success and failure factors related to government construction projects in Saudi Arabia. The survey data are sorted out and analysed by cost, schedule, technical, context and finance dimensions of the projects based on project types, engineering complexity, size, modality, jurisdictional control and funding approach. To evaluate the influence of success factors implementation, qualitative data were collected in a survey via a web-based questionnaire that was sent to officials working and occupying a responsible position in national project guidelines organizations and in government construction organizations in Saudi Arabia. In all, 28 CSFs were identified, ranked and evaluated for their impact on project success. The four identified factors belong to process categories of construction projects, nine factors belong to management of construction projects and 15 success factors are identified for impact assessment of implementation in construction projects.FindingsThe study's findings have identified and ranked the top five CSFs that significantly influence project outcomes, including meeting time targets, adhering to financial budgets, delivering desired outcomes for all stakeholders, effectively managing risks and assembling the appropriate team while optimizing resource allocation. Additionally, the research indicates that hindrances to projects primarily stem from execution, economic, human and political factors. The study advocates for strict controls over incomplete engineering designs and advises against contractors independently handling design work to ensure project success. Additionally, addressing contractors' qualifications and financial matters is crucial for project success. By highlighting these CSFs and challenges, the research provides actionable insights to enhance project management practices in the construction industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to the infrastructure projects constructed by governmental bodies with the participation of officials from government organizations. Further study, including private projects and officials working on private projects, may be needed to generalized the research outcome.Originality/valueNumerous studies have investigated CSFs in construction projects, but few have examined their relevance to Saudi Arabian government projects. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying key CSFs specific to Saudi Arabian public sector construction projects and assessing their impact on project success. It advocates for stringent controls in the Saudi Arabian construction sector, emphasizing the importance of preventing incomplete or altered engineering designs by contractors to increase the success rate of public sector projects. This research offers practical insights to stakeholders, advancing project management practices in Saudi Arabia's construction sector for improved outcomes and resource utilization.

The Effect of COVID-19 on Subjective Financial Well-Being

We conducted two studies investigating how financial well-being was affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Across both studies conducted in Sweden, we find that COVID-19 was associated with an overall improvement in subjective financial well-being. The positive effect was driven by a general decline in anxiety toward current financial matters, while financial security with regard to the future declined (Study 1) or was unaffected (Study 2). These results might seem paradoxical. But we propose two explanations: (a) People have a limited ability to worry about two things at the same time. Financial problems might therefore be less emotionally salient in the face of more urgent nonfinancial problems, and (b) Some people likely experienced an initial slack in their household finances due to decreased spending opportunities at the onset of COVID-19, which to some extent could counteract increased worry about future financial security.

Moderating role of Financial Literacy on the Relationship between Behavioural Biases and Real Estate Investment Performance in Kenya

In contemporary finance matters, financial literacy has been dubbed a key component of investment performance. This study sought to explore the theoretical perspective of financial literacy and its impact on real estate performance in Kenya. The study was guided by heuristics theory, prospect theory, herding theory and investment market theory. The study results indicate that financial literacy moderates the relationship between behavioural biases and performance of real estate industry in Kenya. Based on these findings, the study recommends that when evaluating investments, investors should avoid at barely looking at the risk and return characteristics of that individual investment but also consider the role and impact of financial literacy on investment performance

Financial Literacy : Promoting Fundamentals to Improve Financial Wellbeing among the Youth

The best investment you can make is an investment in yourself. The more you learn, the more you’ll earn. - Warren Buffett. Financial literacy is a concept which is very important for all age groups to know. It prepares any person to create and manage his daily life as well as his future financially. Financial literacy means handling money wisely. It includes having a basic understanding of the fundamental roots of money such as debt, budgeting, saving and investing. Anyone can create wealth throughout his life by taking advantage of the power of these concepts of finance. These capabilities help the individual to achieve various life objectives including family planning, education, and retirement and even spending on luxuries. Therefore, it is very important that our young generation also understands financial concepts and takes financial decisions wisely. This study is an attempt to show the awareness of our young students, so that it can be known how much the youth knows about financial matters. The main objective of this research paper is to study about awareness of financial literacy among young students in Baddi Barotiwala Region. This research information was mainly gathered by collecting primary data with respect of 80 respondents with the help of questionnaire and has been analyzed through statistical analysis and tools.

Money Talks: A Holistic and Longitudinal View of the Budget Basket in the Face of Climate Change and Sustainable Finance Matters

This study presents a holistic and longitudinal view of the household budget basket concerning climate change and sustainable finance matters. It aims to understand their impact on the budget basket by examining the relationship between money, climate change and sustainable finance in a global economy for transition countries. Comprehensive CPI data were collected in Kosovo from 2002 to 2022, and data analysis was performed using statistical methods such as t-tests and proximity matrixes in SPSS. The results show significant differences between the average and desired values within the budget basket, indicating changes in consumer behavior, particularly in food expenditures, budget allocations, and climate change impacts. Interesting patterns emerge, such as correlations between bread, cereals, and meat, and the absence of fish in some purchases. Spending on clothing and other goods also deviates from desired values. These findings highlight the complex relationship between money, climate change, sustainable finance, and consumer spending patterns, and underscore the need to address the gap between expected and desired spending values for the global economy in transition economies. Future research should focus on analyzing household spending and its interaction with other factors to improve personal financial management and promote sustainable financial behavior in a larger number of global economies.

"So at least now I know how to deal with things myself, what I can do if it gets really bad again"-experiences with a long-term cross-sectoral advocacy care and case management for severe multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study.

Persons with severe Multiple Sclerosis (PwsMS) face complex needs and daily limitations that make it challenging to receive optimal care. The implementation and coordination of health care, social services, and support in financial affairs can be particularly time consuming and burdensome for both PwsMS and caregivers. Care and case management (CCM) helps ensure optimal individual care as well as care at a higher-level. The goal of the current qualitative study was to determine the experiences of PwsMS, caregivers and health care specialists (HCSs) with the CCM. In the current qualitative sub study, as part of a larger trial, in-depth semi-structured interviews with PwsMS, caregivers and HCSs who had been in contact with the CCM were conducted between 02/2022 and 01/2023. Data was transcribed, pseudonymized, tested for saturation and analyzed using structuring content analysis according to Kuckartz. Sociodemographic and interview characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Thirteen PwsMS, 12 caregivers and 10 HCSs completed interviews. Main categories of CCM functions were derived deductively: (1) gatekeeper function, (2) broker function, (3) advocacy function, (4) outlook on CCM in standard care. Subcategories were then derived inductively from the interview material. 852 segments were coded. Participants appreciated the CCM as a continuous and objective contact person, a person of trust (92 codes), a competent source of information and advice (on MS) (68 codes) and comprehensive cross-insurance support (128 codes), relieving and supporting PwsMS, their caregivers and HCSs (67 codes). Through the cross-sectoral continuous support in health-related, social, financial and everyday bureaucratic matters, the CCM provides comprehensive and overriding support and relief for PwsMS, caregivers and HCSs. This intervention bears the potential to be fine-tuned and applied to similar complex patient groups. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Cologne (#20-1436), registered at the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00022771) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Exploring the Influence of Social Media on Financial Literacy among Millennials and Assessing the Gender Gap

The purpose of this study is to investigate how social media influences financial literacy among millennials, as well as to analyze the gender difference in financial knowledge and behavior within this group. Given the increasing integration of social media into millennials' daily lives, these platforms have the potential to significantly influence their understanding of financial matters. The study will examine how social media content, interactions, and trends influence millennials' financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, particularly in detecting gender differences in financial literacy. Data on millennials' social media usage patterns, financial awareness levels, and attitudes toward money management will be gathered using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The purpose of this research is to identify links between social media exposure and financial literacy results, as well as disparities in financial behaviors across male and female millennials. Finally, the findings will help to better understand the impact of social media on financial literacy and suggest ways for closing the gender gap in financial awareness and decision-making among millennials. Keywords: Social Media, Financial literacy, Millennials, Gender gap, Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Social media influence, Financial attitudes, Financial management, Financial decision-making, Social media content

PENGARUH PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI DAN MANFAAT INFORMASI AKUNTANSI (Studi pada Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kabupaten Jember)

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the country's economic movement. Moreover, in the current era, the MSME population is 65.64 million people and is predicted to increase every year. MSMEs experience many obstacles, such as during the pandemic, competition and financial problems. In terms of financial matters, there are still many MSMEs who do not keep accounting records. Lack of knowledge about accounting hinders business management, making it difficult for them to decide which policies to implement. Many entrepreneurs don't understand bookkeeping, which makes accounting decision making difficult. To encourage MSMEs to use accounting, it is necessary to start by fighting the MSMEs themselves. Financial reports are very important for businesses because they can provide relevant and accurate decision making information. Well-prepared financial reports can assist in making strategic decisions and provide a clear picture of a company's financial performance. However, in practice, many challenges arise when preparing financial reports. This research was conducted in Jember Regency with a population of 219 MSMEs and a sample size of 24 MSMEs. The results of this research are that simultaneously training in preparing financial reports (X) has no effect on the perception of ease of implementation of accounting (Y1) and at the same time the benefits of accounting information (Y2).

Public Awareness of Palliative Care: A Nationally Representative Sample of Jordanian Adults

ContextInternationally, studies suggest that inadequate comprehension of the concept of palliative care and misconceptions about it hinder the effective use of palliative care, especially in developing nations. ObjectiveTo assess the awareness of the adult population in Jordan regarding palliative care. MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design and an online self-administered questionnaire survey. The recruitment method was convenience snowball sampling of three thousand nine hundred forty-two Jordanian adults covering 12 governorates. Participants were recruited through social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. The process of gathering data commenced in October –December 2023. Descriptive statistics were computed. ResultsA study of 3942 respondents in Jordan found that 45% have some knowledge of palliative care, with 31% being pretty knowledgeable. Most respondents (89%) strongly agree that patients with incurable illnesses should receive palliative care, with cancer patients showing the highest level of agreement (96%). The most agreed-upon aspect of palliative care is controlling pain and symptoms at home, while the least agreed-upon aspect is providing information on benefits and financial matters. The study also highlighted the link between palliative care and mortality, suggesting the need for increased awareness and education. ConclusionThe demand for palliative care in Jordan is increasing, requiring increased access, a holistic approach, open discussions, and easily accessible information. Challenges include integrating palliative care into non-malignant progressive diseases, ensuring comprehensive end-of-life care, promoting societal receptiveness towards mortality, enhancing information accessibility, and health promotion efforts. The study's results indicate the importance of implementing educational strategies and engaging families and communities in policy-making to change public knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care.

Inequality In Banks

This research paper delves into the challenges people, regardless of their age, face when dealing with money, especially in the context of banks where financial security should be paramount. Money plays a critical role in today's economy as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value, impacting financial planning and security. However, the shift towards online banking has resulted in various errors, financial losses, and data breaches due to user inexperience. The paper suggests that allowing traditional banking as a secondary option could prevent these issues. Traditional banking, with its physical branches and face-to-face interactions, offers benefits such as in-person services, enhanced financial security, and reliable access to loans, making it a preferable choice for many. The research paper aims to shed light on the persistent issues surrounding net banking, or alternatively, the idea of internet banking in general. This may manifest as the person making irrevocable errors or as dishonest behaviour on the part of other parties. Reversal mechanisms, which need to be in place from the beginning, are missing, particularly when it comes to financial matters. When all of the foregoing is fully understood, most consumers would naturally choose a traditional banking option. To save time and money on operating expenses, the banks do not offer this option. The price for this is higher customer service. The larger picture is realising the benefits of traditional banking and banks providing more accessible options to the public rather than restricting them to net banking alone, which leads to issues. Due of the possibility of further issues down the road, these issues are typically experienced by members of the lower middle class who lack access to online banking services and are not technologically aware.

Quality adjusted financial development and the Entrepreneurship-Growth Nexus

ABSTRACT The relationship between new business formation and economic growth can be supported by financial development. However, we argue that not all finance can spur entrepreneurial activity and that the quality of finance matters. Using data from 78 economies from 2006 to 2020, we estimate a dynamic growth model that accounts for potential endogeneity and simultaneity issues and an interaction term that captures the dynamic effects between entrepreneurial creation and quality-adjusted financial measures. We find some evidence that quality-adjusted measures of private credit that accounts for volatility and liquidity can moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. However, we also find that higher levels of quality-adjusted finance can crowd out the growth effects of new business formation, in line with the ‘too much finance’ view. Policy implications are discussed.

Empowerment of Accounting Industry Towards Sustainable Employment

This study focuses on accounting as a crucial aspect of business, providing control, stability, and accountability to a company’s finances. However, high turnover rates and career change are evident not only in the Philippines but also abroad. The country is facing a shortage of accountants due to a drop in college enrollment and those licensed working abroad. The Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) reported that local accounting firms have hit a tipping point and begun hiring non-certified public accountants to fill the widening gap. High turnover rates can lead to lost productivity, increased costs, and a decline in morale. Accounting professionals help businesses track and manage transactions, including expenses and incomes, and make sound financial decisions. Without them, the world would be less safe and stable, resulting in increased fraud, financial instability, and overall economic inefficiency. Strategic management is necessary to improve efficiency and set goals. Understanding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the profession is crucial to recognizing what needs to be built or empowered and what needs to be resolved and avoided. The worldwide shortage of accountants makes it easier for Filipino accountants to find better opportunities elsewhere. Pursuing an accounting degree and passing licensure examinations is not an easy feat, and the profession is not being recognized enough. A strategic management plan could make the accounting and auditing profession more attractive to potential employees and create a more positive and supportive work environment for accountants and auditors in the country. The accounting industry’s empowerment is crucial for sustainable employment, as businesses increasingly prioritize sustainability. Accountants play a vital role in creating resilient and stable jobs by adopting sustainable practices and embedding them into their business processes. They act as catalysts for change, leading businesses to make more responsible financial decisions and promoting sustainable long-term growth. This approach goes beyond financial matters, recognizing the value of environmental stewardship, social justice, and ethical practices. Accountants can leverage their expertise to drive positive change and create a more just and sustainable future. Future research should focus on job enlargement and enrichment, addressing issues such as work-life balance, technological skills, and sustainability variables. Future studies should re-evaluate each step and emphasize the challenges in implementing empowerment and sustainability strategies for the accounting industry. Keywords: empowerment, sustainable employment, accountancy, turnover, professional development

Giving children pocket money to help them understand economic principles in personal budget management and reduce gender gaps in financial matters: Does it work?

AbstractMost children who receive pocket money have no idea how to manage it as they have never been taught financial literacy. However, the existing literature does not focus on the level of financial education and guidance children receive or the degree to which parents supervise their children in making decisions about pocket money. This research aims to fill the gap. This study focuses on the financial decisions of children aged 12–16, comparing 105 parent–child dyads in which the child gets pocket money to 101 parent–child dyads in which the child does not get pocket money. The study's results demonstrate that, unlike previous studies, getting pocket money has no impact on children's excessive consumption of fast food and sweets, whereas society's impact on children's consumer decisions increases when they are given pocket money. In contrast, if children believe their parents make good financial decisions and if parents share the household financial decisions with them, children will make better financial decisions themselves. In addition, consistent with previous research, girls – more than boys – see themselves as influenced by their friends in the context of consumer decisions and perceive of themselves as excessive consumers. Implications for parents as well as government policy are discussed.

Attitude of young employees towards financial matters: A study in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Attitude of young employees towards financial matters: A study in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Mediating Effect of Students Entrepreneurial Attitude in Relationship of Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior on Entrepreneurial Intention

Entrepreneurship is often regarded as a significant driver of economic development due to its ability to provide employment opportunities and viable resolutions to societal challenges. This research aims to determine the impact of financial behavior and literacy on entrepreneurial intention, specifically among business administration students who are the participants of this study in Sindh universities. Furthermore, the present study also investigated the extent of financial literacy and financial behavior among business administration students at the Sindh University Campus in Larkano, Pakistan. The present study utilizes a quantitative methodology, with data being gathered via the administration of a survey questionnaire. The research revealed a significant and favorable correlation between financial literacy and the financial behavior of business students, as well as their intention to start their firms. The results also highlight the connections between financial behavior, entrepreneurial attitude, and entrepreneurial intention, and pointing to the student entrepreneur's attitude does not mitigate the direct impact of financial behavior on entrepreneurial intention. This implies that how people handle their financial matters directly influences their intention to engage in entrepreneurial activities, irrespective of their attitude towards entrepreneurship. The findings underline the significance of developing healthy financial habits as a prerequisite to developing entrepreneurial intention.

Fertility Intention in Hong Kong: Declining Trend and Associated Factors

AbstractHong Kong is characterized by extremely low fertility, with a total fertility rate of 0.701 in 2022. This paper reports significant declines in the intention to have children among non-parents and in the desire to have more children among parents, based on data from the Family Surveys conducted in Hong Kong in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017, which imply more dramatic demographic changes in the future. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this paper explored individuals’ attitudes toward marriage and having children, family functioning variables indicating subjective norms regarding fertility, and housing status and parenting stress relating to individuals’ control over fertility behavior. The results show that among non-parent respondents, being older and possessing a secondary education were associated with a lower level of fertility intention, whereas being a tenant, having positive attitudes toward marriage and having children, and having higher levels of family mutuality and harmony were associated with a higher level of fertility intention. Among parent respondents, parenting stress significantly inhibited the desire to have more children, regardless of financial matters and family environment. The findings suggest that fertility intentions can be remade over the life course. This paper, based on the TPB framework, can help guide the development and adoption of policies and supportive programs to improve fertility intentions in Hong Kong.

What Multi-Level Solutions Can Enhance the Financial Literacy of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya?

Financial literacy is a crucial asset within the human capital pool, whether individuals are working within or outside the hospital setting. Professionals in various fields benefit from financial literacy, and the main recipients include individuals, the broader economy, businesses, and the overall financial system. In the context of medical professionals, the expectation is often that they make informed business decisions and effectively manage healthcare facilities. However, a notable challenge is the potential lack of essential skills in financial literacy among these professionals. In Kenya, a considerable number of healthcare professionals face a deficiency in financial literacy skills, hindering their ability to proficiently handle even small businesses in private practices and oversee financial matters in hospital departments, both in public and private healthcare facilities. Consequently, the objective of this study is to present healthcare professionals with a roadmap to identify and address gaps to enhance their financial literacy. A survey was conducted from June to July 2023, involving 339 doctors, including medical doctors, dentists, and pharmacists. The findings were interesting concerning gender performance and global comparisons. Unlike previous studies, female doctors demonstrated a higher financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude, suggesting a well-rounded financial proficiency compared to their male counterparts. At the global level, the descriptive analysis revealed strong financial knowledge, positive attitudes, and prudent financial behaviors among the Kenyan participating doctors compared to the OECD global averages. For example, unlike the OECD global average of 52.5% in financial knowledge and literacy, the findings for the Kenyan counterparts stood at 77%; while the OECD global average for financial attitude was 70%, that of the Kenyan counterparts was at 75%; and compared to the OECD global average of prudent financial behavior of 59%, that of the Kenyan counterparts was 69%. It seems that socio-demographic factors, coupled with financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, intricately influence the financial literacy of healthcare professionals. The findings highlight the importance of implementing multi-level solutions to enhance overall financial literacy among healthcare professionals. These solutions include tailored financial programs, self-paced online courses with interactive elements, and the integration of financial literacy into medical undergraduate and postgraduate training curricula. Keywords: healthcare professionals, financial literacy, Kenya, multi-level solutions

Revisiting Calls to Restructure Nigerian Styled Federalism

Over-dependence by federating units on the central government on financial matters, created some misgivings over the operational trajectory of federalism and its acclaimed dysfunctionality in Nigeria. The paper revisits the calls to restructure Nigeria's peculiar federalism, evaluates the historical antecedents, assessed government's response to such calls, at the same time, examines altercations for and against restructuring. It adopted political economy for theoretical framework, and descriptive research design, utilising secondary source of data with content analysis. The paper found that the main bone of contention is anchored around economic exclusivity by the federal government, which is breeding dissatisfaction. Nature of politics influenced lopsided restructuring that concentrated on territorial aspects, rather than the economic domain, this disabled fiscal federalism. It concluded that the policy of concentrating revenue allocation at the centre, does not give room for each federating unit to leverage on their capacity to internally generate revenue from the resources in their environment. In order to enjoy the dividend of federalism, and advance towards achieving sustainable development a revisit to calls for restructuring is needed. There is fluidity in government's commitment toward restructuring, seen in the lack of implementation of various committees reports on restructuring and fiscal federalism. Also, there is absence of the political will to change the status quo of unitarized federalism. The paper recommends that comprehensive restructuring, with the states and local government revenue generating capacity as the kick-off point. It urgently requires cutting down cost of governance to the barest minimum.

Materiały i pamiątki po Janie Matejce w zbiorach rękopisów Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie

Manuscripts related to Jan Matejko in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and PAS collection Due to the 185th anniversary of Jan Matejko’s birth and 130th of his death, to appreciate his artistic work as well as patriotic and social activity, the Senat of the Republic of Poland in its resolution of 16 November 2022 announced the year 2023 the Year of Jan Matejko. The celebrations of the Year of Jan Matejko create a perfect opportunity for an overview and familiarisation with keepsakes related to the Cracovian painter kept in the manuscripts collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Kra- kow. Among the most precious ones are the painter’s sketches from the album titled The Dead and Alive by a romantic poet Teofil Lenartowicz as well as letters written by Jan Matejko: three to the editorial board of “Kłosy” weekly magazine included in the collection of autographs gathered by Cyprian Walewski and two included in Stanisław Tomkowicz’s correspondence, related to artistic activity, financial matters as well as the artist’s health issues. Among various manuscripts there are some materials related to Jan Matejko’s life and arts, as well as those commemorating and critically analysing his life and activity, such as a manuscript of Jan Matejko’s artistic biography written by Stanisław Witkiewicz. A query revealed also numerous photographs showing the artist, some with his hand-written dedications. Thanks to the popularity of Jan Matejko’s paint- ings, the manuscripts collection includes also a great deal of replicas of his most famous but also some unique works printed on postcards, photographs and newspaper clips. The discovered materials do not form a coherent collection but through their diversity they can be considered an interesting source for the research on Jan Matejko’s life and work as well as on the perception of his paintings among his contemporaries and following generations.

Role of Gender perceptions in shaping gender-based discrimination and gender equality among school-going adolescents, Telangana: A cross-sectional community-based study.

Adolescence is a unique phase of life, facilitates the transition of a child to an adult, and thus is characterized with distinctive challenges as well as potentialities. Gender socialization during adolescence is shaped by the family, culture, and social construct results to development of attitudes, with more consistent and organized vision toward self and the society. The present study aims to identify the gender attitudes, perceived gender role, and gender discrimination among adolescents. Cross-sectional descriptive design adopted to study the gender perceptions among adolescents (N = 200) between 8th and 12th standards and meeting the inclusive criteria. Data were collected on gender attributes, attitudes, and perceived discrimination based on gender. Gender equality scores measured among students were categorized between high and low. Findings reveal the persistence of gendered attitudes, roles, and relationships based on gender; 54% girls and 58% boys reported that boys/men are expected to be tough and less emotional and (37.5% girls; 46% boys) agreed that men were decision makers in the financial and family matters and women were felt as lesser role players. Overall, 46% were with gender-biased perceptions. Girls (18%) and boys (5%) reported sexual abuse; however, for any gender abuse, only 16% preferred to seek help from the family members. Findings of the present study highlight the need for gender sensitization in education and schools to transform gender-balanced attitudes and behaviors from young age which greatly affect the inter-personal relationships, affecting behaviors and relationships in families and societies in adulthood.